Specimen Data
FEND mission is to support the evaluation of early-stage TB diagnostics & novel diagnostic strategies in the context of existing clinical algorithms in TB endemic countries.
FEND for TB will perform proof-of-principle studies of novel diagnostics & strategies and provide feedback to diagnostic developers on the performance of the technologies and their most effective use in endemic settings.
Enrollment of FEND TB 1 Study Participants by Country
N = 4447
Enrollment of FEND TB 1 Study Participants by Protocol
N = 4447
Number of Banked Specimens
3224 Serum
6203 Urine
13481 Tongue Swabs
6378 PAXgene RNA Tubes
3224 Plasma
720 MTB Isolates
952 Sputum
1274 Tongue Swabs
329 MTB Isolates
1026 Urine
1242 PAXgene RNA Tubes
371 Stools
2558 Plasma
39 MTB Isolates
Type of Technology
57% Molecular
39% Immunoassay
4% Others
Assay Aim
54% ID
43% ID-AMR
4% Host Response
Laboratory vs. Point-of-Care Classification
50% Near Point of Care
43% True Point of Care
7% Lab Based
Primary Use Case
89% Diagnostic/Confirmatory Test
4% Monitoring (Treatment, Immune Status, Patient)
4% Triage/Screening
4% NA
Drug Resistance Target
68% NA
25% Isoniazid, Rifampicin
4% Fluoroquinolone, Amikacin, Ethambutol, Linezolid
4% Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Fluoroquinolone, Bedaquiline, Linezolid
Validated Sample Types
25% Urine
21% Sputum
14% Others
7% Oral Swab
7% Sputum, Sputum Sediment
7% Plasma
4% Sputum, Sputum Culture
4% Whole Blood
4% Finger Prick Blood, Whole Blood
4% Sputum, Sputum Culture, Other
4% Sputum, Other
Country of Manufacturer HQ
29% United States
21% China
18% Republic of Korea
18% India
6% South Africa
3% Germany
3% France
3% Canada
Region of Manufacturer HQ
35% Western Pacific Region
32% Region of the Americas
21% South-East Asian Region
6% European Region
6% African Region
Updated October 2025